These include different species of parasites that specifically target either the egg, larval, or pupal stage. Their potential impact on the many different cultivated crops, and subsequently the local agricultural economy, has led to serious efforts to control the pests. S. litura is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent that was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. littoralis. The host range covers over 44 families. [5] A characteristic feature is the presence of two small spines at the tip of the abdomen that are about 0.5 mm long each. Therefore, recent research studies have focused on other biological ways to effectively control these pests. In fact, these two species are so similar that previous records that have claimed the presence of S. litura in areas such as Russia, Germany, and the UK may actually have been referring to S. For example, S. litura has been responsible for the 71% yield loss of groundnut in the southern states of India. As a result, female longevity is negatively correlated with the number of eggs laid because a large portion of resources end up being used for the development of eggs instead of on herself. Overlap in pheromone composition as discussed above also contributes to the lack of total reproductive isolation between the two species. [1] This night marks the maximum activity. UKMoths is built, run and maintained by Ian Kimber, with thanks to the many kind contributors who provide photos and information. [11] The second night, however, accounts for about 70% of the matings. Male forewing length is 14–17 mm while female forewing length is slightly larger and measures 15–18 mm. [3] Another figure shows that S. litura can decrease tobacco yield by 23-50%. Discriminating between the two species can be difficult because the larvae and adult forms look identical. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. The pupa is typically 15–20 mm long, and its color is red-brown. 42; EU annex I/A1 Name: Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. However, studies have shown that MAG secretions are necessary for the maximum stimulation of the eggs. These two species are hard to discriminate between because the larvae and adult forms are identical. Some common host plants include but are not limited to: tobacco, cotton, soybean, beet, cabbage, and chickpeas. 2014. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family Noctuidae. [14], Heterospecific matings can be expected for phylogenetically closely related species with adjacent distribution, as is the case for S. litura and S. littoralis. Asian Cotton Leaf Worm. Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775 Accepted Name. Antifeedant activity of leaf extracts against Spodoptera litura Fabricius 1775 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) highlighting the mechanism of action Subramanian Arivoli α & Samuel Tennyson σ _____ ABSTRACT. [5], Although the length of a life cycle varies slightly throughout the different regions, a typical S. litura will complete 12 generations every year. Summary Nomenclature Taxon Concepts Subordinates Vernacular Applications Feedback. Synonym of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) (NZOR Concept Id 0c92b2ff-e379-4287-9c8c-18c8fbe1dfcd) Classification kingdom Animalia phylum Arthropoda subphylum Hexapoda class Insecta subclass Dicondylia infraclass Pterygota superorder Neoptera order Lepidoptera family Tineidae genus Phalaena species Phalaena litura Fabricus, 1775 Providers NZAC About UKMoths. [1], In sexually reproductive animals, recognition and attraction of potential mates can occur in the form of pheromones. In S. littoralis, the ductus and ostium bursae are the same lengths while in S. litura, they are of different lengths. With calling suppressed, pheromone concentration builds up in the body of mated females. In this study, both eggs and larvae were susceptible, and the mortality rate ranged from 50% to 100% depending on the stage of the larvae. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. In total, 87 species of host plants that are infested by S. litura are of economic importance. The Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) is Permitted - s11 for the whole of state and is not assigned to any control category for a local government area at this time. ID: 276184. Inspecting the genitalia is the most certain way to tell the two species apart. [5], S. litura is a general herbivore and takes residence on various plants. Kingdom: Animalia. [4], S. litura is often confused with its close relative, Spodoptera littoralis. [3] When the host plant in a particular area is depleted, big groups of larvae will migrate to find a new food source. [5], Larvae body length ranges from 2.3 to 32 mm. During copulation, males transfer a mean of 1,052,640 sperm per mating. The hindwings are grayish-white with a gray outline. When MAGs are transferred from the male to the female during copulation, it exerts a wide range of effects on female post-mating behavior. 0. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) NCBI BLAST name: moths. Experimental results show that when S. litura are presented with two nutritionally complementary diet options, one rich in protein and a second rich in carbohydrates, females tend to consume more protein than males while no differences in carbohydrates exist. Common names. In total, 87 species of host plants that are infested by S. litura are of economic importance. Smith, 1797) [1] Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. [1] Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775). Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. The moth's effects are quite disastrous, destroying economically important agricultural crops and decreasing yield in some plants completely. The moth's effects are quite disastrous, destroying economically important agricultural crops and decreasing yield in some plants completely. Each individual egg is around 0.6 mm in diameter with an orange-brown or pink color. Several studies have pointed out that the female lifespan decreases after mating. This lifespan decreases even further when mating with a heterospecific S. littoralis male. [9] In addition, the sheer amount of pesticides being used have caused concern for pesticide residue on food, environmental damage, and the destruction of beneficial species. [5], S. litura is the most common in South Asia. The larva is variable in color based on age. Animalia > Arthropoda > Insecta > Lepidoptera > Noctuoidea > Noctuidae > Spodoptera > Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775. Siianjiyan, Jingmei, Taipei City, Taiwan 斜紋夜蛾 Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Tribe Prodeniini Frobes, 1954 Subfamily Xyleninae Guenee, 1837 木夜蛾亞科 Famikly Noctuidae 夜蛾科 Influence of abiotic factors was studied on Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775 by decreasing temperature & humidity from the optimum conditions (27±2°C Temp & 70±5 % RH). Genetic code: Translation table 1 (Standard) Mitochondrial genetic code: Translation table 5 (Invertebrate Mitochondrial) Lineage ( full ) cellular organisms; Eukaryota; Opisthokonta; Metazoa; Eumetazoa; Bilateria; Protostomia; Ecdysozoa; Panarthropoda; Arthropoda; Mandibulata; Pancrustacea; Hexapoda; … [11] Eggs during mating are laid in a cluster covered with hair from the female's abdomen. has attained S. litura a major pest status on agricultural crops such as cotton, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) Cluster Caterpillar (one synonym: Prodenia tasmanica Guenée, 1852) ACRONICTINAE, NOCTUIDAE, NOCTUOIDEA Don Herbison-Evans (donherbisonevans@outlook.com) and … This phenomenon may also be a result of the mechanical stimulation of male genitalia during copulation. Therefore, it is well suited for tropical and temperate climate regions. [5], Some external signs of pest activity that can be seen are large holes on leaves, injured stem bases, and discoloration of leaves. [7], Spodoptera litura and Spodoptera littoralis are very closely related species. These two species are hard to discriminate between because the larvae and adult forms are identical. The older larvae were killed more rapidly than the younger larvae. Spodoptera litura Fabricius, 1775. Since S. litura is nocturnal, the larvae feed at night. Two ranges which were taken for these studies were 40% humidity & 20°C temperature. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family Noctuidae. This moth is found in Asia, with some specific problematic pest population reports occurring in Cambodia, Hong Kong, India, the Pacific islands, Guam, American Samoa, and Hawaii. Message The user has shared this species from India Biodiversity Portal with you. [5] For example, in Karnataka, a granulosis virus was found in dead S. litura larvae. This can cause major economic strain since 36 million people are directly or indirectly involved in the production, sale, marketing, or transport of the tobacco crop. Permitted organisms must satisfy any applicable import requirements when imported. S. litura is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent that was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. Its common names reference two of the most frequent host plants of the moth. ... moth caterpillar -- Spodoptera litura (3804075966).jpg 2,048 × 1,536; 1.44 MB Taxonomy. [5], There are many ways the predators can locate its prey. Subject. Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775), a polyphagous defoliator with broad host spectrum, causes significant damage to agriculturally important crops. [14], The circadian rhythm also affects pheromone release. It is important to note that this result is different from previous studies on other insect species. [5] Since both species are polyphagous, taking note of the host plant is not helpful in correct identification. With high dispersal capability, this pest has often generated high levels of agricultural losses. They may be subject to an import permit if they are potential carriers of high-risk organisms. [15], S. litura has over 112 host species belonging to over 40 plant families, making the species highly polyphagous. Prodenia litura (Fabricius, 1775) Homonyms. S. litura is a serious polyphagous pest in Asia, Oceania, and the Indian subcontinent that was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. In males, the juxta have characteristic shapes for each species. When tested in the field, there was a very high larvae mortality of 88-97% 19 days after application of the fungal solution.[16]. Spodoptera litura. It has been found that higher amounts of pheromones are released during scotophase (dark period) and that lower levels are released during photophase (light period). The significant impact on agriculture S. litura can have as pests has earned the species a spot on the quarantine list for many countries including the United States of America. Females have a typical fecundity of 2000 to 2600 eggs. [5] The mean female longevity is 8.3 days while for males it is 10.4 days. Biosecurity and agriculture management homepage, Biosecurity and Agriculture Management Act, Western Australia's agriculture and food sector, Casual, short-term employment and work experience. Synonyms. The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a polyphagous pest of many important crops. Taxonomic Rank: Global Biodiversity Information Facility. [9] However, its natural range extends from the Oriental and Australasian areas to parts of the Palearctic region as well. The stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata is a predator that uses these types of chemical signals to locate and attain prey. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family Noctuidae. The reasons for this are still not fully known. Moths in their egg, larvae, or pupae stages can be present in the soil, flower, or vegetation that are being transported across various regions. [11], There is no mating activity on the first night that the moth emerges. Spodoptera litura, otherwise known as the tobacco cutworm or cotton leafworm, is a nocturnal moth in the family Noctuidae. Taxonomy and Nomenclature. [4] A current study of controlling this pest focuses on using the fungus Nomuraea rileyi on the larval stage of this moth. The most commonly reported viruses are nuclear polyhedrosis viruses and granulosis viruses. Our previous studies on the tobacco cutworm Spodoptera litura (Fabricius, 1775) showed that mating usually results in marked changes in female behaviour and determined that factors from male accessory gland (MAG) secretions play a key role in such switches in females after mating. litura. (Download Help) Spodoptera litura TSN 941218. Asian Cotton Leafworm in English. The body is a gray-brown color. 990655.00 – 19655 – Spodoptera litura – Oriental Leafworm Moth – (Fabricius, 1775) Photographs are the copyrighted property of each photographer listed. [6] The countries with the most widespread population of S. litura include but are not limited to China, Indonesia, India, Japan, and Malaysia. This helps disperse the moths into new habitats and onto different host plants as food sources are depleted. These reproductive activities include calling, courtship, mating, and oviposition. Contact individual photographers for permission to use for any purpose. 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