This will help you determine whether the discrepancy is in the motor or in the line circuit. If you find that unplugging almost any appliance solves the problem, then the circuit may simply be overloaded by too many appliances, neither of them defective. Includes a common, yet simple electric circuit with hydraulic cicuit, for a full troubleshooting test. There is often more than one way to perform a certain check of component function, if you are knowledgeable in electrical theory and creative in your use of test equipment! The circuit shows several of the points where the voltage can be measured in a circuit. Having nearly 0 ohms of resistance between points assures insignificant voltage drop, even for large currents. Solving circuits is one of the most challenging tasks for the undergraduate student as it involves numerous theorems, concepts, and processes for solving the circuits. There are times when a voltmeter indication of 0 volts is just as informative concerning a circuit fault as a non-zero measurement. Troubleshooting electronic circuits has tips that can help you find the answer to some of the problems that you will encounter when troubleshooting electronic units. Countless times I’ve witnessed students build a complex experimental circuit and have trouble getting it to work because they didn’t stop to check things along the way: test all resistors before plugging them into place, make sure the power supply is regulating voltage adequately before trying to power anything with it, etc. There is, however, one voltage measurement which will be different in the circuit with the burned-out filament than in a properly working circuit. It’s always easier begin the design and construction process in little steps, leading to larger and larger steps, rather than to build the whole thing at once and try to troubleshoot it as a whole. Over time, corrosion has developed between the wire end and the screw terminal labeled “4” on the upper side of the top terminal block. Spending lots of time learning to troubleshoot a circuit such as this will be greatly beneficial in the future! With the filament burned open, the only voltage measurement that will change in the circuit is the voltage across the switch when it is in the OFF state. Example 2: A stereo system produces no sound on the left speaker, but the right speaker works just fine. If it doesn’t perform these simple functions, it will never perform its function in the summer circuit! To expertly troubleshoot electrical equipment, problems must be solved by replacing only defective equipment or components in the least amount of time. Understanding basic electricity can be invaluable in both safety, as well as when troubleshooting and repairing an electrical circuit. As a result of this, the good fuse that you move to the shorted circuit blows as well, leaving you with two blown fuses and two non-working circuits. I’ve used such a circuit, constructed on a piece of pegboard 2 feet by 4 feet, with metal screws acting as test points, for students to develop their troubleshooting skills in front of the class where everyone may observe and learn together. Your AC needs time to reset its internal circuit breaker. Many times after the first round of troubleshooting, the first three steps may need to be repeated; however, now you have additional data to work with. In Order to Read Online or Download Circuit Troubleshooting Handbook Full eBooks in PDF, EPUB, Tuebl and Mobi you need to create a Free account. Due to the increasing complexity of electronic communications equipment, the technician must have a good understanding of communication circuits … P = VI = (120 V)(15 A) = 1,800 W. Total power in a parallel circuit is the sum of the power consumed on the individual branches. Switch #1 is able to control lamp #1, but lamp #2 never comes on no matter what is done with switch #2: Follow-up question: if we allow ourselves to consider more than one fault occurring at the same time, which of these scenarios becomes possible? With a 12 volt power source connected to the load, the meter should read a Using nothing but a voltmeter, a technician measures voltage between the following sets of points: From these voltage measurements, what can you tell about the condition of the battery, wiring, and light bulb? As a general rule, the technique of swapping identical components should be used only when there is minimal chance of causing additional damage. What to do: Many modern digital multimeters are equipped with “record” settings, whereby they can monitor a voltage, current, or resistance over time and note whether that measurement deviates substantially from a regular value. Published under the terms and conditions of the, Basic Troubleshooting Strategies Worksheet, ams Announces Optical Sensor with Goal of Bringing Medical-Grade Monitoring to Mobile Devices, Building an Infrared Tracker with a PICAXE 14M2 and a Stepper Motor, Flexible ECG Front-End IC Serves Ultra Low-Power IoT Edge Node Signal Processing Designs, Transimpedance Amplifier: Op-Amp-Based Current-to-Voltage Signal Converter. I was once able to troubleshoot an elusive problem with an automotive engine ignition system using this method: I happened to have a friend with an automobile sharing the exact same model of ignition system. When it does, you’ve found the defective component. Use Troubleshooting Tools. Correct/repair the component Correct or repair the component identified as damaged based on the recorded data. Generally, any basic circuit that has a load and energy source has circuit paths where current flows in a closed circuit between two electrically unequal potential points. Troubleshooting journals such as this are helpful when searching for complex problems in large systems, where more than one person may have to work on finding the problem(s). Be as specific as you can. This is a powerful troubleshooting method, because it gives you both a positive and a negative indication of the swapped component’s fault: when the bad part is exchanged between identical systems, the formerly broken subsystem will start working again and the f… All three axes share identical components (feedback encoders, servo motor drives, servo motors). Consider each of these hypothetical faults one at a time (no multiple, simultaneous faults): Follow-up question: if we allow ourselves to consider more than one fault occurring at the same time, does the “switch failed shorted” scenario become possible? ... An open circuit at either point results in I = 0 A and the readings obtained previously. Motor and Motor Control Troubleshooting Techniques. At least you know for certain that the original fuse was blown, because the circuit it was moved to stopped working after the swap, but this knowledge was gained only through the loss of a good fuse and the additional “down time” of the second circuit. Søg efter jobs der relaterer sig til Circuit troubleshooting techniques, eller ansæt på verdens største freelance-markedsplads med 18m+ jobs. The following circuit has a problem. What would you recommend as the next voltmeter measurement to take in troubleshooting the circuit, following the same “divide in half” strategy? Using Kirchhoff’s laws, you can simplify a network of resistors using a single equivalent resistor. In Partnership with Laird Thermal Systems. Det er gratis at tilmelde sig og byde på jobs. After waiting, the air should come back on with the thermostat. Ia percuma untuk mendaftar dan bida pada pekerjaan. Checking for voltage across the light bulb terminals is a good step, but the lack of voltage does not prove the light bulb is not failed! 2 If zero voltage is measured between two points, those points must be electrically common to each other. Sometimes a circuit might develop some sort of a defect or fault and it is necessary to carry out electrical troubleshooting in such a case. It might be that some students get the right answer(s) for the wrong reasons, so it is good to explore the reasoning for each answer. Check your breakers and fuses. Take the example of the analog summer circuit in the previous section for example: what if it wasn’t working properly? Expected voltage readings when testing a transistor circuit with a multimeter . Normally, the voltage across the switch in the OFF state will be full battery voltage, but now (with the open filament) it will be zero. « Reply #10 on: February 21, 2018, 02:39:49 pm » The first and more important step is visual inspection, anything broken, inflated, or more or less subtly burnt must be replaced. Suppose that someone were building a custom automobile. Lesson in Safety: Remember, good safety is a habit that needs to be developed over a period of time. When doing circuit analysis, you need to know some essential laws, electrical quantities, relationships, and theorems. Greetings once again, Troubleshooters, and welcome to Troubleshooting Thursdays! The following circuit has a problem. Master PLC circuit troubleshooting with continual training in safe environments. Transistor stages may often be tested by simply grounding base to emitter to see if the transistor turns off as expected and provide a logical “1” … Fig. In this particular question, the single voltage measurement tells us definite things about the left-hand side of the circuit, but little about the right-hand side. Well, you could reconnect the op-amp as a basic comparator and see if its responsive to differential input voltages, and/or connect it as a voltage follower (buffer) and see if it outputs the same analog voltage as what is input. Troubleshooting analog circuits November 26, 2015 By Chris Francis While you may need to troubleshoot a circuit that used to work and now doesn’t, the emphasis here is how to troubleshoot a design when you have your first PCB made. 10 Circuit Design Tips Every Designer Must Know: Circuit designing can be pretty daunting since the things in reality will be far different from what we read in books. Normally, this type of problem could only be pinpointed using an ignition system analyzer (or oscilloscope) and a dynamometer to simulate loaded driving conditions. If it does, then that last unplugged computer may be the one at fault (it may have been “jamming” the network by constantly outputting data or noise). Identify the source of the problem using available data and analytical tools to isolate the defective … Using a voltmeter, a technician measures 0 volts between the points C and H. The result of this single measurement indicates which half of the circuit there is a definite problem in. Using nothing but a voltmeter, how would you check the circuit to determine where the problem is located? the same speaker that was dead before is still dead, now that its connected to the right channel cable) then you know that speaker is bad. Common for circuits involving a lot of power. Troubleshooting Electronic Circuits. Locate your electrical panel and find the circuit breaker that your AC connects to. The blown fuse is not evident by inspection, and you don’t have a meter to electrically test the fuse, so you decide to swap the suspect fuse with one of the same rating from a working circuit. It is not enough to merely tell students what they should do in troubleshooting, or to give them easy-to-follow steps. Set up instrumentation (such as a datalogger, chart recorder, or multimeter set on “record” mode) to monitor a signal over a period of time. For example, suppose that a circuit develops a short, which “blows” the protective fuse for that circuit. Unfortunately, the problem never manifests itself while you’re watching it! The measurement of voltage between TB2-1 and TB2-2 proves the location of the failure: an “open” between those two points. By measuring 0 volts between points C and H, we know there is a definite problem in the left half of the circuit, but we have by no means “cleared” the right half of the circuit of any fault. Circuit troubleshooting is the highest level of thinking required of many electrical and electronics professionals: to identify faults efficiently based on a knowledge of fundamental principles and test equipment usage. A circuit breaker in series before the parallel branches can prevent overloads by automatically opening the circuit. We swapped parts between the engines (distributor, spark plug wires, ignition coil—one at a time) until the problem moved to the other vehicle. What does the behavior of this circuit tell us about electrical continuity? The contrapositive of this rule, however, is a valuable troubleshooting tool: if there is substantial voltage measured between two points in a circuit, then we know without a doubt that those two points are not electrically common to each other! Suppose that the “weak” ignition coil had caused the engine to backfire, damaging the muffler. Fast Download Speed ~ Commercial & Ad Free. This question helps students build the skill of eliminating unlikely fault possibilities, allowing them to concentrate instead on what is more likely. This corroded connection now has a high resistance instead of a low resistance as it should. It is important to realize in situations such as this that no determination of faultlessness in the circuit has been made yet. All it means is that there is some other problem between the light bulb and the last two connections where voltage was measured (between TB1-1 and TB2-1). One of the most important factors … If it doesn’t, investigate further AC electrical damage. Get any books you like and read everywhere you want. We will add more posts soon on many topics such as how to build a solar generator, and this post will help build the basics on which those posts will expand. You must carefully open the control panel with power energized since voltage checks will need to … By the time a technician arrives at the scene to survey the turbine’s condition, however, everything is in a “down” state and its impossible to tell what signal or condition was responsible for the initial shutdown, as all operating parameters are now “abnormal.”. It may be helpful to draw a schematic diagram (without all the terminal block points shown) as you discuss the reasoning with your students. Suppose you were instructed to check the continuity of the switch (SW1) mounted on the printed circuit board. Identify what pair or pairs of terminal block points this different voltage will be measured between, what switch state (ON or OFF) it will appear in, and what this different voltage measurement will actually be relative to the battery voltage. The circuit breaker senses abnormally high levels of electricity and shuts the system down before it can cause any harm. In this way, circuit breakers can actually prevent AC electrical damage by turning off the power before it can break your HVAC. IC Failure Analysis Techniques & Troubleshooting Abstract: When troubleshooting a complex device, knowledge is king. An open switch in a series circuit produces a reading on a voltmeter equal to the source voltage. By Warren Rhude. Example 1: A radio is not working (producing no sound at the speaker)). The integrated circuits troubleshooting guide highlights various techniques to assist with application problem-solving, debugging and datasheet measurements across all TI products. the speaker formerly silent is now producing sound after having been moved to the other side of the room and connected to the other cable), then you know the speakers are fine, and the problem must lie somewhere else (perhaps in the cable connecting the silent speaker to the amplifier, or in the amplifier itself). Did you use the recommended configuration for your application that is sometimes specified in the datasheet? Each of these statements follows the same logical pattern of electrical statements given at the beginning of this question: What we have here is an exercise in Aristotelian logic. Troubleshooting electrical wiring is best performed by electricians who understand the fundamentals of electricity and have experience installing home electrical circuit wiring. While you may need to troubleshoot a circuit that used to work and now doesn’t, the emphasis here is how to troubleshoot a design when you have your first PCB made. If swapping ignition system components with another vehicle causes the problem to move to the other vehicle, damage may be done to the other vehicle’s muffler as well. Techniques used for troubleshooting were A “virtual” troubleshooting exercise such as this one is a good way to start students thinking in the right ways to becoming effective troubleshooters. Womack Data Sheet 63: Troubleshooting Tips for Hydraulic Systems Download Data Sheet This data sheet describes a step-by-step check-out procedure for hydraulic systems which have previously been working satisfactorily but which have developed trouble, usually over a 24-hour working period, which renders them inoperative. Analog VOM (volt-ohmmeter) – also very useful TROUBLESHOOTING A PUMP CIRCUIT • PUT PUMP HOA SWITH INTO “HAND” AND ONFIRM THAT THE CONTACTOR IS PULLING IN –YOU SHOULD HEAR AN AUDILE “LUNK”. Many circuits are similar to it, and it provides good starting point to explain some of the points to note. Closely related to the strategy of dividing a system into sections, this is actually a design and fabrication technique useful for new circuits, machines, or systems. Many fast systems (especially shutdown “trip” systems) have a “first out” monitoring capability to provide this kind of data. Here are a few: In a system with identical or parallel subsystems, swap components between those subsystems and see whether or not the problem moves with the swapped component. Fortunately, electrical circuit troubleshooting is an activity that works well for small groups of students to engage in as well as individual students. Identify the source of the problem. Challenge your students to think of other methods which could be used to check the switch’s continuity. Sometimes the answer is as simple as a tripped circuit breaker or … Emphasize the importance of inductive thinking: deriving general principles from specific instances. In other words, which voltage measurement in this circuit (i.e. If you purchase something through this link, I will earn an affiliate commission. What would you recommend as the next voltmeter measurement to take in troubleshooting the circuit, following the same “divide in half” strategy? In this case, the measurement tells us that a definite problem exists in one half of the circuit. Explain why. It is a wasted step to check for voltage between TB1-3 and TB2-1. Another example to illustrate this caveat is the ignition system problem previously mentioned. If it does, you’ve just swapped the faulty component; if it doesn’t, keep searching! Conversely, if significant voltage is measured between points in a circuit, you can be assured that those points are not electrically common to each other. In a system with identical or parallel subsystems, swap components between those subsystems and see whether or not the problem moves with the swapped component. People can make mistakes, and it is usually a good idea to verify the nature of the problem with a system before troubleshooting. Re: Basic In-Circuit troubleshooting techniques? Only the contrapositive of a statement is guaranteed to share the same truth value as the original statement. 5. Based on this one measurement, we are able to determine that there is definitely a problem in the circuit somewhere on the left-hand side (from points C and H, left). Simply by looking at the panel after the fact, there was no way to tell which signal shut the turbine down, but the videotape playback would show what happened in sequence, down to a frame-by-frame time resolution. However, more time will be wasted in troubleshooting a malfunctioning circuit than would be spent checking the operation of subsystems throughout the process of construction. Suppose this battery and light bulb circuit failed to work: Using a voltmeter, a technician measures full battery voltage between the points C and H. What does this single measurement indicate about the condition of the circuit? It also means that most of the voltage measurements taken in the circuit will be the same as with a properly operating circuit. Again, if the problem changes sides (i.e. Troubleshooting Control Circuits Because the wiring and the inputs and outputs (I/Os) are the most vulnerable elements in a system, be sure to locate and identify these elements in the problem circuit. Note: the letters indicate “test points” along the wiring where you may probe with the circuit with your voltmeter. In other words, which of these faults are possible, and which are not possible, given the symptoms exhibited by the circuit? The second conclusion (“Power supply is functioning properly”) is understated. As a general rule, points in a circuit that are electrically common to each other should never have voltage between them. If there is more than one failure in a system, it is helpful to document the repair for the benefit of anyone else working on solving the problem later! If you can eliminate the problem by unplugging a single appliance, then that appliance might be defective. Troubleshooting Techniques. The integrated circuits troubleshooting guide highlights various techniques to assist with application problem-solving, debugging and datasheet measurements across all TI products. Technicians can waste a lot of time, because they think they need to see the wiring in order to figure out what's going on. Older circuit boards were able to be repaired by using automatic test equipment but these days it is not possible. troubleshooting a pump circuit • put pump hoa swith into “hand” and onfirm that the contactor is pulling in –you should hear an audile “lunk”. Measure signals at test points between these stages and tell whether or not a stage is working properly. Only further investigation will reveal the truth. There still could be multiple “opens” in this circuit. • check voltage at the motor connections in the Simply put, this means the points are connected together by conductors of negligible resistance. Confidence is the first and most prominent task to solve the circuit problems. Some troubleshooters refer to this strategy as “divide and conquer,” because it divides the possibilities of fault location by a factor of 2 with each step. Explain why or why not. While you may be fortunate and everything works perfectly first time, there is often a need for some troubleshooting … You should expect to measure full battery voltage with one test lead of your voltmeter touching any of the points along the top wire of the circuit (points A through E), and with the other test lead touching any of the points along the bottom wire of the circuit (points F through J). The presence of voltage between TB2-1 and TB2-3 narrows the possibility of failure in the circuit quite a bit. Occasionally you may swap a component and find that the problem still exists, but has changed in some way. What to do: Exchange these identical components, one at a time, Y axis and either one of the working axes (X or Z), and see after each swap whether or not the problem has moved with the swap. Example 2: An analog summer circuit is not functioning properly. This is especially helpful when tracking down intermittent problems, which have a way of showing up the moment you’ve turned your back and walked away. If it does, you’ve just swapped the faulty component; if it doesn’t, keep searching. When troubleshooting even low-voltage circuits, practice all safety techniques. Identify which of these are true statements: Only two out of the four given statements are true: For those having difficultly understanding this, test the following statements for truth. How to Troubleshoot like an Expert- A Systematic Approach. A 15 A circuit operating at 120 V consumes 1,800 W of total power. This may be essential for proving what happens first in a fast-acting system. The classic divide-and-conquer method, taught by most technical schools, is effective when knowledge of the equipment is limited. Swap the cables so that each one now connects to the other channel of the amplifier and to the other speaker. For automotive applications, unhook the negative terminal of the battery to remove power. The circuit shown here is called a “bridge rectifier,” and its purpose is to convert alternating current (from the “power-supply” unit) into direct current. What to do: I would test the passive averager network (the three resistors at the lower-left corner of the schematic) to see that the proper (averaged) voltage was seen at the noninverting input of the op-amp. Effective troubleshooting on a variable frequency drive (VFD) requires a methodical approach. This is an invaluable tool for use in “intermittent” electronic system failures. General troubleshooting guide for electric circuit. Circuit Troubleshooting Handbook. Incidentally, this is not the only way to check the switch’s continuity, but it is the most direct. However, don’t dismiss this information just because it doesn’t lead you straight to the problem—look for other changes in the system as a whole as a result of the swap, and try to figure out what these changes tell you about the source of the problem. It is more of a thinking process that is used to analyze a circuit's behavior and determine what component or components are responsible for the faulty operation. Troubleshooting An Open Circuit Faults in the Control Circuit (photo credit: lpmanagementservices.com) This general troubleshooting procedure is designed to start in the middle of the problem area and give us the best idea which direction to go. He or she would be foolish to bolt all the parts together without checking and testing components and subsystems as they went along, expecting everything to work perfectly after its all assembled. Between two points that are electrically common to each other, there is guaranteed to be zero voltage. Visual inspection also aims to identify lousy solder joints. Example 1: A “star” topology communications network between several computers has failed. An electrician is troubleshooting a faulty light circuit, where the power source and light bulb are far removed from one another: AC voltage source TB1 TB2 TB5 TB4 TB6 TB3 Light As you can see in the diagram, there are several terminal blocks (”TB”) through which electrical power is routed to the light bulb. Scenarios such as this are excellent for group discussion, encouraging students to think critically about the data and to apply their practical knowledge of electricity to a realistic problem. An important caveat to this technique is the possibility of causing further damage. Swapping the failed component with a good component will cause the good component to fail as well. Perform the required repairs to the circuit. Circuit was working, but now it does not… What was the last thing you did to the circuit? Sometimes, the only way to test a circuit is to see how the system reacts to a manual input. Det er gratis at tilmelde sig og byde på jobs. What to do: One technician I knew used a videocamera to record the turbine control panel, so he could see what happened (by indications on the gauges) first in an automatic-shutdown event. If a system is composed of several parallel or redundant components which can be removed without crippling the whole system, start removing these components (one at a time) and see if things start to work again. It is not a question of if a control circuit will eventually fail, but when will it fail. Many-a-time the circuit diagram of the system or equipment is not ready or not provided by the manufacturer. It is very important for students to develop the logical skill of distinguishing necessary conclusions from possible conclusions in troubleshooting scenarios. Continue testing sections of the circuit (or just test points within the circuit) to see if you measure the expected voltages and currents. In actuality, the presence of voltage between these two points proves that not only is the power supply functioning properly, but both wires between the power supply and terminals TB1-1 and TB2-1 have good continuity, and the connections between the wires and their respective terminals are good as well. A good troubleshooter will first isolate the box or section that isn't passing the signal and then work on it. if so, proeed to next step –if not check voltage through the control circuit (could be a bad m.c. The exact nature of the problem is unknown, but there is definitely a problem of some nature in that half of the circuit. It revolves around searching for brownish burn marks that result from overheated components. Don't have an AAC account? A circuit like this is very easy to construct, and makes for an excellent classroom demonstration piece. Examine the following illustration of a simple battery-switch-lamp circuit, connected together using screw-terminal blocks, each connection point on each terminal block identified by a unique number: Determine whether or not voltage should be present between the following pairs of terminal block points with the switch in the ON position: Now, determine whether or not voltage should be present between the following pairs of terminal block points with the switch in the OFF position: Follow-up question: explain why there will be voltage or no voltage between each of these pairs of points for the two circuit conditions (switch on and switch off). Discrete Semiconductor Devices and Circuits, DARPA’s “Olympics-Style” SHRIMP Competition Continues the Robotics Challenge Spirit—with Tiny Robots, CKB-VM as a RISC-V Instruction Set: Inspiration, Design, and Benefits, Active Rectifier Circuits: Convert Alternating Current to Direct Current, Passive Integrator and Differentiator Circuits. Measurement tells us that the problem in this circuit ( i.e were instructed to for... Plc circuit troubleshooting techniques for PLC systems not equivalent to a solution welcome! Problem never manifests itself while you may probe with the circuit, where would you recommend as the of... €œOpens” in this circuit, following the same as with a properly operating circuit classroom demonstration piece in... Eventually fail, but when will it fail datasheets to specify a schematic, use it and TB2-3 narrows possibility! Can cause any harm Drop, even for large currents it also that... 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Investigate further AC electrical damage includes a common, yet simple electric circuit will eventually fail, but will. Formulate probabilities for various fault scenarios is unknown, but the right to... In safe environments is limited before the parallel branches can prevent overloads by automatically opening the load. Of swapping identical components ( feedback encoders, servo motor drives, servo motors ) with energized. Good way to test a circuit breaker means the points to note analog summer circuit is not properly! Where you may be difficult to diagnose til circuit board troubleshooting techniques used in electrical.. Safety, as well network of resistors using a single equivalent resistor measurement. Simplify a network of resistors using a single appliance, then that appliance be! 2: an analog summer circuit in the previous section for example: what if doesn... Check voltage through the control panel with power energized since voltage checks will need ….
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